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## GNU Free Documentation License {#gnu-free-documentation-license-1}
|
||||
|
||||
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
\<<https://fsf.org/>\>
|
||||
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
|
||||
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||
|
||||
### 0. PREAMBLE {#section0}
|
||||
|
||||
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
||||
functional and useful document \"free\" in the sense of freedom: to
|
||||
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
|
||||
or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
|
||||
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
|
||||
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
|
||||
modifications made by others.
|
||||
|
||||
This License is a kind of \"copyleft\", which means that derivative
|
||||
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
|
||||
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
|
||||
designed for free software.
|
||||
|
||||
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
|
||||
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
|
||||
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
|
||||
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
|
||||
used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
|
||||
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
|
||||
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS {#section1}
|
||||
|
||||
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
|
||||
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
|
||||
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
|
||||
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
|
||||
work under the conditions stated herein. The \"Document\", below, refers
|
||||
to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and
|
||||
is addressed as \"you\". You accept the license if you copy, modify or
|
||||
distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
|
||||
|
||||
A \"Modified Version\" of the Document means any work containing the
|
||||
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
|
||||
modifications and/or translated into another language.
|
||||
|
||||
A \"Secondary Section\" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
|
||||
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
||||
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document\'s overall subject
|
||||
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
|
||||
within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
|
||||
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
|
||||
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
||||
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
||||
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
|
||||
|
||||
The \"Invariant Sections\" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
|
||||
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that
|
||||
says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does
|
||||
not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be
|
||||
designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
|
||||
Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
|
||||
there are none.
|
||||
|
||||
The \"Cover Texts\" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
|
||||
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
|
||||
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be
|
||||
at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
|
||||
|
||||
A \"Transparent\" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
||||
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
|
||||
public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly
|
||||
with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic
|
||||
paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor,
|
||||
and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
|
||||
translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
|
||||
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
|
||||
markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
|
||||
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format
|
||||
is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy
|
||||
that is not \"Transparent\" is called \"Opaque\".
|
||||
|
||||
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
|
||||
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
|
||||
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
|
||||
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
|
||||
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
|
||||
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
|
||||
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
|
||||
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
|
||||
HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
|
||||
purposes only.
|
||||
|
||||
The \"Title Page\" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
|
||||
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
|
||||
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats
|
||||
which do not have any title page as such, \"Title Page\" means the text
|
||||
near the most prominent appearance of the work\'s title, preceding the
|
||||
beginning of the body of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
The \"publisher\" means any person or entity that distributes copies of
|
||||
the Document to the public.
|
||||
|
||||
A section \"Entitled XYZ\" means a named subunit of the Document whose
|
||||
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
|
||||
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
|
||||
specific section name mentioned below, such as \"Acknowledgements\",
|
||||
\"Dedications\", \"Endorsements\", or \"History\".) To \"Preserve the
|
||||
Title\" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
|
||||
remains a section \"Entitled XYZ\" according to this definition.
|
||||
|
||||
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
|
||||
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
|
||||
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
|
||||
but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
|
||||
these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
|
||||
meaning of this License.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. VERBATIM COPYING {#section2}
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
||||
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
||||
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
|
||||
the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
||||
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
||||
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying
|
||||
of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
||||
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
||||
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
||||
|
||||
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
|
||||
you may publicly display copies.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY {#section3}
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
|
||||
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
|
||||
Document\'s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
|
||||
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
|
||||
cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
|
||||
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
|
||||
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
|
||||
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
|
||||
to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
|
||||
satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
|
||||
respects.
|
||||
|
||||
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
||||
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
||||
pages.
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
||||
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
|
||||
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
|
||||
computer-network location from which the general network-using public
|
||||
has access to download using public-standard network protocols a
|
||||
complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If
|
||||
you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when
|
||||
you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
|
||||
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
|
||||
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
|
||||
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
|
||||
the public.
|
||||
|
||||
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
|
||||
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
|
||||
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. MODIFICATIONS {#section4}
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
|
||||
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
|
||||
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
|
||||
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
|
||||
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
|
||||
In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
||||
|
||||
- A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
|
||||
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
|
||||
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
|
||||
section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous
|
||||
version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
|
||||
- B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
|
||||
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
|
||||
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
|
||||
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
|
||||
fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
|
||||
- C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
|
||||
Version, as the publisher.
|
||||
- D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
||||
- E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
||||
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
|
||||
- F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
|
||||
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
|
||||
under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
|
||||
below.
|
||||
- G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
|
||||
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document\'s license
|
||||
notice.
|
||||
- H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
||||
- I. Preserve the section Entitled \"History\", Preserve its Title,
|
||||
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,
|
||||
and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
|
||||
there is no section Entitled \"History\" in the Document, create one
|
||||
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
|
||||
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
||||
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
|
||||
- J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
||||
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
|
||||
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it
|
||||
was based on. These may be placed in the \"History\" section. You
|
||||
may omit a network location for a work that was published at least
|
||||
four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher
|
||||
of the version it refers to gives permission.
|
||||
- K. For any section Entitled \"Acknowledgements\" or \"Dedications\",
|
||||
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
|
||||
the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
|
||||
and/or dedications given therein.
|
||||
- L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
|
||||
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
|
||||
are not considered part of the section titles.
|
||||
- M. Delete any section Entitled \"Endorsements\". Such a section may
|
||||
not be included in the Modified Version.
|
||||
- N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
|
||||
\"Endorsements\" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
|
||||
- O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
|
||||
|
||||
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
|
||||
that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from
|
||||
the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these
|
||||
sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of
|
||||
Invariant Sections in the Modified Version\'s license notice. These
|
||||
titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a section Entitled \"Endorsements\", provided it contains
|
||||
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
||||
parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
||||
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
||||
standard.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
||||
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
||||
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover
|
||||
Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements
|
||||
made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text
|
||||
for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by
|
||||
the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
|
||||
but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the
|
||||
previous publisher that added the old one.
|
||||
|
||||
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
||||
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
||||
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS {#section5}
|
||||
|
||||
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
||||
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
||||
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
||||
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
||||
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
|
||||
notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
|
||||
|
||||
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
||||
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
||||
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
||||
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
|
||||
at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
|
||||
publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the
|
||||
same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections
|
||||
in the license notice of the combined work.
|
||||
|
||||
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \"History\"
|
||||
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
|
||||
\"History\"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
|
||||
\"Acknowledgements\", and any sections Entitled \"Dedications\". You
|
||||
must delete all sections Entitled \"Endorsements\".
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS {#section6}
|
||||
|
||||
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
||||
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
||||
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
|
||||
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
|
||||
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
||||
|
||||
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
|
||||
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
||||
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
|
||||
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS {#section7}
|
||||
|
||||
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
|
||||
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
||||
distribution medium, is called an \"aggregate\" if the copyright
|
||||
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of
|
||||
the compilation\'s users beyond what the individual works permit. When
|
||||
the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to
|
||||
the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative
|
||||
works of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
|
||||
of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the
|
||||
entire aggregate, the Document\'s Cover Texts may be placed on covers
|
||||
that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
|
||||
equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise
|
||||
they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. TRANSLATION {#section8}
|
||||
|
||||
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
|
||||
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
|
||||
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
|
||||
their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
|
||||
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
|
||||
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and
|
||||
all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,
|
||||
provided that you also include the original English version of this
|
||||
License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In
|
||||
case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version
|
||||
of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
|
||||
prevail.
|
||||
|
||||
If a section in the Document is Entitled \"Acknowledgements\",
|
||||
\"Dedications\", or \"History\", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
|
||||
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. TERMINATION {#section9}
|
||||
|
||||
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
||||
as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
|
||||
modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
|
||||
terminate your rights under this License.
|
||||
|
||||
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
|
||||
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
|
||||
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates
|
||||
your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to
|
||||
notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days
|
||||
after the cessation.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
|
||||
permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by
|
||||
some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice
|
||||
of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder,
|
||||
and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the
|
||||
notice.
|
||||
|
||||
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
|
||||
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
|
||||
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
|
||||
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
|
||||
not give you any rights to use it.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE {#section10}
|
||||
|
||||
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
|
||||
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
||||
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
||||
address new problems or concerns. See <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
|
||||
the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
||||
License \"or any later version\" applies to it, you have the option of
|
||||
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
|
||||
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
||||
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
||||
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies
|
||||
that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be
|
||||
used, that proxy\'s public statement of acceptance of a version
|
||||
permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. RELICENSING {#section11}
|
||||
|
||||
\"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site\" (or \"MMC Site\") means any
|
||||
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
|
||||
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public
|
||||
wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A \"Massive
|
||||
Multiauthor Collaboration\" (or \"MMC\") contained in the site means any
|
||||
set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
|
||||
|
||||
\"CC-BY-SA\" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
|
||||
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
|
||||
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
|
||||
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
|
||||
published by that same organization.
|
||||
|
||||
\"Incorporate\" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
|
||||
part, as part of another Document.
|
||||
|
||||
An MMC is \"eligible for relicensing\" if it is licensed under this
|
||||
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
|
||||
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or
|
||||
in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
|
||||
(2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
|
||||
|
||||
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
|
||||
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
|
||||
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
|
||||
|
||||
## ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents {#addendum}
|
||||
|
||||
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
||||
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
|
||||
notices just after the title page:
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
|
||||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
||||
Free Documentation License".
|
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
|
||||
replace the \"with ... Texts.\" line with this:
|
||||
|
||||
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
|
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
|
||||
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
|
||||
situation.
|
||||
|
||||
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
||||
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
|
||||
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
|
||||
their use in free software.
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user