-- margin-notes.lua
-- A Pandoc Lua filter to create templated marginal notes based on classes.
-- Copyright 2022 Bastien Dumont (bastien.dumont [at] posteo.net)
-- This file is under the MIT License: see LICENSE for more details

local find_in_string = string.find
local gsub = string.gsub
local get_substring = string.sub
local unpack_table = table.unpack
local insert_in_table = table.insert
local table_pop = table.remove
local pandoc_to_string = pandoc.utils.stringify

-- No char in the placeholder string should have to be escaped
-- when found in a URL or in a Lua pattern.
local PLACEHOLDER_LABEL = 'MRGNN_PLACEHOLDER'
local PLACEHOLDER_BEGIN = 'BEG_'
local PLACEHOLDER_END = '_END'
local PLACEHOLDER_REGEX = PLACEHOLDER_BEGIN ..
  PLACEHOLDER_LABEL .. '(.-)' ..
  PLACEHOLDER_LABEL .. PLACEHOLDER_END
-- String indicating an indefined value in the output
local UNDEFINED = '??'
-- Default value for "position" ("before" or "after").
local POS_DEFAULT = 'after'

local DOCX_TOOLTIP_ANCHOR = '*'
local DOCX_TOOLTIP_ANCHOR_SYTLE = 'Tooltip anchor'

local TEMPLATE_VARIABLE_MARKUP_CHAR = '§'
local mc = TEMPLATE_VARIABLE_MARKUP_CHAR
local TEMPLATE_VAR_REGEX =
  '%f[\\' .. mc .. ']' .. mc .. '(.-)%f[\\' .. mc .. ']' .. mc

local DEFAULT_MACROS = {
  -- ConTeXt code adapted from
  -- https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Footnotes#Footnotes_in_the_margin
  context =
    '\\define\\placeMrgnn{%\n' ..
    '  \\inoutermargin{\\vtop{%\n' ..
    '    \\placelocalnotes[mrgnn][before=,after=]%\n' ..
    '  }}%\n' ..
    '}\n' ..
    '\n' ..
    '\\definenote\n' ..
    '  [mrgnn]\n' ..
    '  [location=text,\n' ..
    '   bodyfont=x,\n' ..
    '   next=\\placeMrgnn]\n' ..
    '\n' ..
    '\\setupnotation\n' ..
    '  [mrgnn]\n' ..
    '  [number=no,\n' ..
    '   alternative=serried]',
  latex =
    '\\newcommand{\\mrgnn}[1]{%\n' ..
    '  \\marginpar{{\\footnotesize #1}}%\n' ..
    '}'
}


if FORMAT == 'odt' then FORMAT = 'opendocument'
elseif FORMAT == 'docx' then FORMAT = 'openxml' end

local function copy_unidimensional_table(the_table)
  return { unpack_table(the_table) }
end

local function add_copy_to_list(value, list)
  -- Value is of any type except thread and userdata.
  local to_be_added
  if type(value) == 'table' then
    to_be_added = copy_unidimensional_table(value)
  else
    to_be_added = value
  end
  insert_in_table(list, to_be_added)
end

local function to_bool(var)
  return not not var
end

local function inlines_to_string(list)
  return pandoc_to_string(pandoc.Para(list))
end

local config = {}

function add_rendering(config, class,
                              body_text, note_text,
                              docx_body_text, docx_note_text,
                              odt_body_text, odt_note_text,
                              csname, position)
  -- The values are plain strings (not the empty string!) or nil.
  config[class] = {
    body_text = body_text,
    note_text = note_text,
    docx_body_text = docx_body_text,
    docx_note_text = docx_note_text,
    odt_body_text = odt_body_text,
    odt_note_text = odt_note_text,
    csname = csname,
    position = position
  }
end

local function meta_to_str(meta_obj)
  if meta_obj and meta_obj[1] then
    return meta_obj[1].text
  else
    return nil
  end
end

local function get_renderings_config(meta)
  for key, value in pairs(meta) do
    if key == 'mrgnn-define-renderings' then
      for i = 1, #value do
        this_value = value[i]
        add_rendering(config,
          meta_to_str(this_value.class),
          meta_to_str(this_value['body-text']),
          meta_to_str(this_value['note-text']),
          meta_to_str(this_value['docx-body-text']),
          meta_to_str(this_value['docx-note-text']),
          meta_to_str(this_value['odt-body-text']
                      or this_value['body-text']),
          meta_to_str(this_value['odt-note-text']
                      or this_value['note-text']),
          meta_to_str(this_value['csname']),
          meta_to_str(this_value['position']) or POS_DEFAULT
        )
      end
    end
  end
  return meta
end

local function to_pandoc_inlines(markdown_str)
  local inlines = {}
  if markdown_str ~= '' then
    local whole_doc = pandoc.read(markdown_str)
    inlines = whole_doc.blocks[1].content
  end
  return inlines
end

local function template_to_pandoc_fragment(template)
  -- The substitution is necessary in order to differentiate
  -- the '§' characters that are part of placeholder markup
  -- and the litteral ones.
  template = gsub((template or ''), TEMPLATE_VAR_REGEX,
                         PLACEHOLDER_BEGIN .. PLACEHOLDER_LABEL ..
                         '%1' ..
                         PLACEHOLDER_LABEL .. PLACEHOLDER_END)
  return to_pandoc_inlines(template)
end

local function has_children(elem)
  return type(elem) == 'table' or type(elem) == 'userdata'
end

local function contains_placeholder(str)
  -- Although it would speed up the process,
  -- we don't exclude any string based on its key (e.g. "tag")
  -- because users could use the same names for attributes.
  local result = false
  result = to_bool(find_in_string(str,
                                  PLACEHOLDER_BEGIN .. PLACEHOLDER_LABEL ..
                                  '.-'..
                                  PLACEHOLDER_LABEL .. PLACEHOLDER_END))
  return result
end

local function register_step_in_path(path, step)
  insert_in_table(path, step)
end

local function unregister_last_step(path)
  table_pop(path)
end

local function find_paths_to_placeholders(current_path, placeholders_paths, current_table)
  --[[
    current_path represents a path to a placeholder,
    i.e. an unidimensional table of alternated numbers and strings
    figuring the successive index and key values
    at which the placeholder string is to be found in list.
    list is a List of Inlines.
    When two placeholders are to be found in the same string,
    only one path is returned.
  ]]--
  for index, elem in pairs(current_table) do
    if has_children(elem) then
      register_step_in_path(current_path, index)
      find_paths_to_placeholders(current_path, placeholders_paths, elem)
      unregister_last_step(current_path)
    elseif type(elem) == 'string' then
      if contains_placeholder(elem) then
        register_step_in_path(current_path, index)
        add_copy_to_list(current_path, placeholders_paths)
        unregister_last_step(current_path)
      end
    end
  end
end

local function get_paths_to_placeholders(list)
  --[[ 
    list is a List of Inlines
    Returns a table of paths (see find_paths_to_placeholders).
    If two placeholders are to be found in the same string,
    then only one path is returned.

    Example:
      template = {
        pandoc.SmallCaps(pandoc.Str(
            PLACEHOLDER_BEGIN .. PLACEHOLDER_LABEL ..
            'content' ..
            PLACEHOLDER_LABEL .. PLACEHOLDER_END)),
        pandoc.Str(':'), pandoc.Space(),
        pandoc.Emph(pandoc.Str(
            PLACEHOLDER_BEGIN .. PLACEHOLDER_LABEL ..
            'attr.def' .. '.' ..
            PLACEHOLDER_LABEL .. PLACEHOLDER_END))
      }
      return value = {
            { 1, 'content', 1, 'text' },
            { 4, 'content', 1, 'text' }
      }
  ]]--
  local placeholders_paths = {}
  local current_path = {}
  find_paths_to_placeholders(current_path, placeholders_paths, list)
  return placeholders_paths
end

local function is_replacement_a_list(parent_object_type)
  --[[
    If parent_object_type is Str, this means that the object
    containing the placeholder is an element in a list of Inlines.
    In this case, the replacement should be a list of Inlines
    destined to replace this element.
    Otherwise (e.g. Link or Image), the replacement should be
    a plain string.
  ]]--
  return parent_object_type == 'Str'
end

local function get_replacement(placeholder,
                               instance_content, instance_attr,
                               replacement_is_list)
  --[[
    Returns a list of Inlines if replacement_is_list is true,
    a plain string otherwise.
    Markdown is interpreted in the first case only.
  ]]--
  if placeholder == 'content' then
    if replacement_is_list then
      replacement = instance_content
    else
      replacement = inlines_to_string(instance_content)
    end
  elseif string.find(placeholder, '^attr%.') then
    local key = get_substring(placeholder, #'attr.' + 1)
    if replacement_is_list then
      local replacement_markdown = instance_attr[key]
        or '**' .. UNDEFINED .. '**'
      replacement = to_pandoc_inlines(replacement_markdown)
    else
      replacement = instance_attr[key] or UNDEFINED
    end
  else
    error('Invalid content "' .. placeholder .. '" in the value of a ' ..
          '"body-text" or "note-text" metadata variable. ' ..
          'It must either be "content" or begin with "attr".')
  end
  return replacement
end

local function get_strings_around_substring(s, i_beg, i_end)
  local before = false
  local after = false
  if i_beg > 1 then
    before = get_substring(s, 1, i_beg - 1)
  end
  if i_end < #s then
    after = get_substring(s, i_end + 1)
  end
  return before, after
end

local function insert_strings_around_placeholder(replacement,
                                                 string_before_placeholder,
                                                 string_after_placeholder)
  local replacement_is_list = type(replacement) == 'table'
  if replacement_is_list then
    if string_before_placeholder then
      if replacement[1].t == 'Str' then
        replacement[1].text = string_before_placeholder ..
          replacement[1].text
      else
        insert_in_table(replacement, 1, pandoc.Str(string_before_placeholder))
      end
    end
    if string_after_placeholder then
      if replacement[#replacement].t == 'Str' then
        replacement[#replacement].text = replacement[#replacement].text ..
          string_after_placeholder
      else
        insert_in_table(replacement, pandoc.Str(string_after_placeholder))
      end
    end
  else
    replacement = (string_before_placeholder or '') ..
      replacement ..
      (string_after_placeholder or '')
  end
  return replacement
end

local function insert_replacement_in_elems(replacement,
                                             pandoc_elems, i_object, placeholder_key,
                                             i_placeholder_beg, i_placeholder_end)
  local replacement_is_list = type(replacement) == 'table'
  local string_with_placeholder = pandoc_elems[i_object][placeholder_key]
  local string_before_placeholder, string_after_placeholder =
    get_strings_around_substring(string_with_placeholder,
                                 i_placeholder_beg, i_placeholder_end)
  replacement = insert_strings_around_placeholder(replacement,
                                    string_before_placeholder, string_after_placeholder)
  if replacement_is_list then
    for i = #replacement, 1, -1 do
      insert_in_table(pandoc_elems, i_object + 1, replacement[i])
    end
    table_pop(pandoc_elems, i_object)
  else
    pandoc_elems[i_object][placeholder_key] = replacement
  end
end

local function find_placeholders_in_string(str_with_placeholders)
  local placeholders_data = {}
  local i_data = 1
  local i_beg, i_end, placeholder =
    find_in_string(str_with_placeholders, PLACEHOLDER_REGEX)
  while placeholder do
    placeholders_data[i_data] = {
      value = placeholder,
      beg = i_beg,
      ['end'] = i_end
    }
    i_beg, i_end, placeholder =
      find_in_string(str_with_placeholders, PLACEHOLDER_REGEX,
                     i_end)
    i_data = i_data + 1
  end
  return placeholders_data
end

local function replace_placeholders_in_value(pandoc_elems,
                                             i_object, placeholder_key,
                                             instance_content, instance_attr)
  --[[
    Does not return anything: modifies instead pandoc_elems
    by replacing the placeholder in pandoc_elems[key]
    with the corresponding values from instance_content (a List of Inlines)
    and instance_attr (a table of key/value pairs, where the values may
    contain markdown formatting).
  ]]--
  local str_with_placeholders = pandoc_elems[i_object][placeholder_key]
  local replacement_is_list = is_replacement_a_list(pandoc_elems[i_object].t)
  local placeholders_data = find_placeholders_in_string(str_with_placeholders)
  for i = #placeholders_data, 1, -1 do
    local placeholder_data = placeholders_data[i]
    local replacement = get_replacement(placeholder_data.value,
                                        instance_content, instance_attr,
                                        replacement_is_list)
    insert_replacement_in_elems(replacement,
                                  pandoc_elems, i_object, placeholder_key,
                                  placeholder_data.beg, placeholder_data['end'])
  end
end

local function replace_placeholders(
    -- table of Inlines, generally containing Str objects
    -- whose text contains a placeholder
    inlines_with_placeholders,
    -- table of paths (see find_paths_to_placeholders for a definition)
    paths_to_placeholders,
    -- List of inlines
    instance_content,
    -- key-value table of attributes. The values may contain markdown.
    instance_attr)
  --[[
    Replaces the Str objects in inlines_with_placeholders pointed at
    by the paths in paths_to_placeholders with the data in
    instance_content and instance_attr as required by the placeholder
    strings.
    If the placeholder string does not makes up the whole text of the Str,
    create new Str containing the remaining chars.
    Returns a new table containing the resulting Inlines.
  ]]--
  if #paths_to_placeholders > 0 then
    for i_path = #paths_to_placeholders, 1, -1 do
      local path = paths_to_placeholders[i_path]
      local current_scope = inlines_with_placeholders
      local i_step = 1
      local step = path[i_step]
      while i_step < #path - 1 do
        current_scope = current_scope[step]
        i_step = i_step + 1
        step = path[i_step]
      end
      local last_step = path[i_step + 1]
      replace_placeholders_in_value(current_scope, step, last_step,
                                    instance_content, instance_attr)
    end
  end
  return inlines_with_placeholders
end

local function template_to_function(template)
  --[[
    Returns a function that takes data and inserts it
    into the given template.
  ]]--
  --[[
    – inlines_with_placeholders and paths_to_placeholders
      are created and memoized the first time the returned
      function is called.
    – inlines_with_placeholders cannot be used directly
      for it is a reference to a table that would be changed
      by replace_placeholders. That's why we create a deep
      copy of it via the walk function at every call.
    – paths_to_placeholders can be used directly by
      replace_placeholders because it is only traversed.
  ]]--
  if template then
    local paths_to_placeholders
    local inlines_with_placeholders
    return
      function(instance_content, instance_attr)
        if not inlines_with_placeholders then
          inlines_with_placeholders = template_to_pandoc_fragment(template)
        end
        local inlines_copy = inlines_with_placeholders:walk({})
        if not paths_to_placeholders then
          paths_to_placeholders =
            get_paths_to_placeholders(inlines_with_placeholders)
        end
        return replace_placeholders(
          inlines_copy, paths_to_placeholders,
          instance_content, instance_attr)
      end
  end
end

local function define_rendering_functions(meta)
  local format_prefix = ''
  if FORMAT == 'opendocument' then
    format_prefix = 'odt_'
  elseif FORMAT == 'openxml' then
    format_prefix = 'docx_'
  end
  for class_name, class_config in pairs(config) do
    config[class_name].render = {}
    for _, part in ipairs({'body', 'note'}) do
      config[class_name].render[part] =
        template_to_function(class_config[format_prefix .. part .. '_text'])
    end
  end
end

local function set_macro_definition(meta)
  if FORMAT == 'context' or FORMAT == 'latex' then
    meta['header-includes'] = {
      (meta['header-includes'] or pandoc.RawBlock(FORMAT, '')),
      pandoc.RawBlock(FORMAT, DEFAULT_MACROS[FORMAT])
    }
  end
end

local function Meta(meta)
  get_renderings_config(meta)
  define_rendering_functions(meta)
  set_macro_definition(meta)
  return meta
end

local i_invocation = 0

local function wrap_in_raw_note_code(content, class_name)
  -- content is a List of Inlines (output of replace_placeholders)
  local margin_note = content
  if FORMAT == 'context' or FORMAT == 'latex' then
    local csname = config[class_name].csname or 'mrgnn'
    insert_in_table(margin_note, 1, pandoc.RawInline(FORMAT, '\\' .. csname .. '{'))
    insert_in_table(margin_note, pandoc.RawInline(FORMAT, '}'))
  elseif FORMAT == 'openxml' then
    i_invocation = i_invocation + 1
    local bookmark_id = 'mrgnn_' .. i_invocation
    margin_note =  {
      pandoc.RawInline(
        FORMAT,
        '<w:bookmarkStart w:id="' .. bookmark_id ..
        '" w:name="' .. bookmark_id .. '"/>' ..
        '<w:bookmarkEnd w:id="' .. bookmark_id .. '"/>' ..
        '<w:hyperlink w:anchor="' .. bookmark_id .. '" ' ..
        'w:tooltip="' .. pandoc_to_string(margin_note) .. '">'),
      pandoc.Span(
        pandoc.Str(DOCX_TOOLTIP_ANCHOR),
        { ['custom-style'] = DOCX_TOOLTIP_ANCHOR_SYTLE }),
      pandoc.RawInline(
        FORMAT,
        '</w:hyperlink>')
    }
  elseif FORMAT == 'opendocument' then
    insert_in_table(margin_note, 1, pandoc.RawInline(FORMAT,
                                                  '<office:annotation><text:p>'))
    insert_in_table(margin_note, pandoc.RawInline(FORMAT,
                                               '</text:p></office:annotation>'))
  end
  return margin_note
end

local function render_margin_notes(span)
  for class_name, class_config in pairs(config) do
    if span.classes:includes(class_name) then
      local render_note = config[class_name].render.note
      local render_body = config[class_name].render.body
      local note_position = config[class_name].position
      local margin_note = {}
      local body = {}
      if render_note then
        margin_note = wrap_in_raw_note_code(
          render_note(span.content, span.attributes), class_name)
      end
      if render_body then
        body = render_body(span.content, span.attributes)
      end
      span.content = body
      local span_with_note = {}
      if note_position == 'before' then
        span_with_note = margin_note
        insert_in_table(span_with_note, span)        
      elseif note_position == 'after' then
        span_with_note = { span, unpack_table(margin_note) }
      else
        error('Invalid value "' .. note_position .. '" ' ..
              'for "position" in the definition of ' ..
              'the margin-note class "' .. class_name '". ' ..
              'Expected "before" or "after".')
      end
      return span_with_note
    end
  end
end

return {
  { Meta = Meta },
  { Span = render_margin_notes }
}